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''The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare'', was an influential British journal, devoted to the promotion of the theories and practices (and the collection and dissemination of reports of the applications) of mesmerism and phrenology, and the enterprise of "connecting and harmonizing practical science with little understood laws governing the mental structure of man".〔Godwin (1994), p.213.〕 The name derived from the Greek word ''Zoe'' (ζωή) meaning "life". ''The Zoist'' was published quarterly, without a break, for fifteen years: from March 1843 until January 1856. Edited by John Elliotson, M.D., the founder, and former president of the London Phrenological Society, who had been expelled from the University College Hospital in 1838 for his mesmeric practices, and William Collins Engledue, M.D., a former President of the British Phrenological Association, who was ostracized by both his medical colleagues for his dedication to mesmerism and phrenology, and by the majority of phrenologists for his rejection of their "socio-religious", spiritual position,〔Such as that maintained by William Scott, President of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society, in his (''" The Harmony of Phrenology with Scripture: Shewn in a Refutation of the Philosophical Errors contained in Mr Combe's "Constitution of Man"'' (1837) ); and by Mrs John Pugh (S.D. Pugh) in her (Phrenology Considered in a Religious Light; or, Thoughts and Readings Consequent on the Perusal of "Combe's Constitution of Man"'' (1846) ), etc.〕 in favour of a scientific, materialist, brain-centred position that, in effect, reduced mental operations to physical forces.〔Cooter (1984), p.94.〕 :"The ''Zoist'' was a materialist journal; it repudiated metaphysics and argued that everything — including human thinking — could be explained through the laws of the physical universe …"〔Ruth (1999), p.305.〕 ==The journal== ''The Zoist's'' first edition, published in January 1843, was launched into a market hungry for knowledge and information. Aside from the already established journal, (The Phrenological Journal and Miscellany ), which ran from 1823 to 1847, and the ''The Phrenological Almanac'', which ran from 1842 to 1845, published by the Glasgow Phrenological Society, there was Spencer T. Hall's (''The Phreno-Magnet and Mirror of Nature: A Record of Facts, Experiments, and Discoveries in Phrenology, Magnetism, &c.'' ), which lasted for eleven monthly issues (from February 1843 to December 1843), the short-lived ''Mesmerist: A Journal of Vital Magnetism'', which only lasted for twenty weekly issues (from 13 May 1843 to 23 September 1843), ''The Annals of Mesmerism and Mesmero-Phrenology'', which lasted for three monthly issues (from July 1843 to September 1843), ''The People's Phrenological Journal and Compendium of Mental and Moral Science'', published weekly, by the Exeter and London Phrenological Societies, for two years (1843 to 1844).〔Cooter (1984), p.394; Kurshan (2006), pp.20-21.〕 Then, to add to the mix, James Braid's definitive work on hypnotism, ''Neurypnology or The Rationale of Nervous Sleep, Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism, Illustrated by Numerous Cases of its Successful Application in the Relief and Cure of Disease'' was released in July 1843. ''The Zoist'', printed on high quality paper, issued quarterly to its subscribers, was also published for a wider readership in annual volumes. Well-written in crisp, scientific English, it was devoted to the propagation of information about the applications of phrenology (rather than its theories) and to the collection, storage, and dissemination of reports of the therapeutic efficacy of mesmerism (with even less treatment of mesmeric theories than of phrenological theories) — in part, it acted as a disciplinary clearing house for information and the experiences of both amateur and professional practitioners (and their subjects) from all over Great Britain, and its colonies — and it placed great stress on the well-demonstrated usefulness of mesmerism, not only in the alleviation of disease and suffering, but in the provision of pain-free surgery, especially amputations.〔Gauld (1992), pp.205-208.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Zoist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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